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Introduction to ARM Processors: Modern Processor Features and Cortex-A9 Microarchitecture Analysis

Introduction to ARM Processors: Modern Processor Features and Cortex-A9 Microarchitecture Analysis

Previous Articles:Introduction to ARM Processors 1 - OverviewIntroductionThis article is the second part of the introduction series on ARM processors, mainly introducing some basic technologies and concepts of modern superscalar out-of-order processors. We will take the Cortex-A9 processor as an example to see which technologies are used to enhance performance, laying the foundation for our subsequent understanding of the microarchitecture of ARM processors and comparative analysis.Note: In fact, explaining the key points of modern processor technology can be quite complicated. Each technology might require an article, and since I am not from a related professional background, my energy and understanding depth are limited. Therefore, I can only roughly list some basic concepts. For more in-depth analysis, you can refer to
Understanding ARM TrustZone Architecture for Enhanced Security

Understanding ARM TrustZone Architecture for Enhanced Security

Official Block Diagram1. ARMv72. ARMv8(1) aarch32(2) aarch64(3) Summary of arch32 and aarch64(4) Understanding with Code3. Cortex-A9 architecture1. ARMv72. ARMv8(1) aarch32(2) aarch64(3) Summary of arch32 and aarch64Understanding aarch32 and aarch64 under armv7:If both secureos and monitor are 64-bit, secureos runs at el1, monitor runs at el3;If both secureos and monitor are 32-bit, both run at EL3 (secureos in svc mode, monitor in svc mode), sharing the page table;If monitor is 64-bit and secureos is 32-bit, secureos runs in svc mode (el1), monitor runs at el3, and they do not share the page table -(4) Understanding with Code3. Cortex-A9 architectureARM TrustZone architecture is a specially designed security technology aimed at providing hardware-level security protection for modern computing devices. With the widespread use
Understanding ARM Architecture and Processors

Understanding ARM Architecture and Processors

2. ARM Architecture and ProcessorsARM does not manufacture silicon devices. Instead, ARM creates microprocessor designs that are licensed to semiconductor companies and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), who integrate them into system-on-chip (SoC) devices.To ensure compatibility between different implementations, ARM defines architectural specifications that dictate how compliant products should behave. Processors implementing the ARM architecture must conform to specific versions of the architecture.The ARM architecture supports implementations across a very wide range of performance points. Its simplicity allows for very small implementations, enabling very low power consumption.The Cortex-A series processors covered in this book conform to the ARMv7-A architecture. There may also be multiple processors with different internal implementations and microarchitectures that have different cycle times and clock frequencies but conform
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